I was facing similar issue in ubuntu and I found that the issue is not related NVM but it's not able to reach to node repository due to Proxy setting so I did the below steps and then it worked as expected
open /etc/apt/apt.conf
nano /etc/apt/apt.conf
Add the following to the above opened file
Acquire::http::proxy "http://<proxy-user>:<proxy-pass>@<proxy-url>:<proxy-port>"
Acquire::https::proxy "http://<proxy-user>:<proxy-pass>@<proxy-url>:<proxy-port>"
run below command
export http_proxy='http://<proxy-user>:<proxy-pass>@<proxy-url>:<proxy-port>'
export https_proxy='http://<proxy-user>:<proxy-pass>@<proxy-url>:<proxy-port>'
then your proxy issue will resolve and gives list of node version